Method of and means for insulating walls, ceilings, decks, bulkheads, or the like against the conduction of heat.



R. ANDERSON.

METHOD or AND MEANS POR INSULATING WALLS, GBILINGS, DLGKS, BULKHLADS, 0RTHB LIKE AGAINST TNB GONDUGTION 0F HEAT.

y APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 13, 1912A 41,060,056. Patented Apr. .29, 1913.

Villar/'Illa l: Z

f resident of Liverpool, England, have in- ,ma ,naar rauen.

ROBERT ANDERSON, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

METHOD OF ANI) MEANS FOR INSULATING WALLS, CEILINGS, DECES, BULKHEADS,OR THE LIKE AGAINST TI-IE CONDUCTION OF HEAT.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, ROBERT ANnnRsoN, a subjectof the King of Great Britain, and a.

vented certain new and usefulimprovements in the method of and means forinsulating walls, ceilings, decks, bulkheads, or the like against theconduction of heat, of which the following is a specification.

In the usual method of insulating walls, partitions, decks, or the likeagainst the conduction of heat such as by providing a casing of sheetmetal supported several inches from the surface to be insulated thesheetmetal being carried from the surface by means of bolts or the likeand the space between the sheet metal and the surface being then filledin with some suitable insulator, a certain degree of conductivity fromthe sheet met-al casing to the surface by way of the bolts or othersupporting elements cannot be eliminated. Further, when surfaces arebeing insulated by lining them with slabs made from magnesia or asbestosand particularly when vertical surfaces are being so treated, owing tothe fact that there is no satisfactory cement for causing such slabs toadhere to a plain surface, such as say an iron bulkhead, some mechanicalform of outer superficial support for the slabs is necessary.` This isusually done by incasing the slabs in sheet iron, but inextensible wirenetting has also been used.

According to this invention the surface to be insulated is covered withslabs of magnesia or asbestos which are adapted to be retained againstthe surface by a series of wires,.preferably interlaced and capable ofbeing adjusted in tension, a cement compostion being then laid over thewires to secure them in position and give a finish and protection to theinsulation.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure l, is a rear view showing the preferred method of insulating asurface, the final cement covering being removed to show the arrangementof the wires. Fig. 2, is a section of Fig. 1, on the line A-A. Fig. 2a,is a detail of one means for tightening the wires. Fig. 3, is a crosssection at right angles to Fig. 2, showing the method adopted forcarrying out the invention when there are projecting angle irons on thesurface to be insulated. Fig. 4, Shows another arrangement forinsulating projecting channel gird1 Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 13, 1912,

`iuattnnted Apr. 29, i913.

serial No. 731,172.

ers with this system. Fig. 5, is a perspective view of the wiringarrangement around the projections shown in Fig. 3.

In carrying out the invention the surface l to be insulated such as awall, ceiling, deck, bulkhead or the like, is covered with slabs Q, madefrom magnesia or asbestos. The slabs are preferably about six incheswide or deep, though other sizes would of course be suitable, and of therequired thickness for the desired insulation. On the outer surface ofthese slabs, remote from the partition or the like to be insulated andagainstwhich they are laid is arranged a series of wires preferablyinterlaced and crossing, which are adapted to hold the slabs in positionfiat against the partition, bulkhead, or other surface. These wires arearranged in the following manner: Where projections such as the angleirons 3, Figs. l, 2, and 3, stand up from the surface to be insulated,holes 3a are drilled through the webs of the angle irons or likeprojection, just below the outer surface of the slabs. The slabs aredisposed in layers which run transversely to theangle irons, so thatwires et, when passed through the holes 3a, may lie in certain of thejunctions between the layers of slabs, and a slight distance below theouter surface of the slabs according to the position of the holes 3a,these being drilled at such a pitch that they coincide with thejunctions of every other layer or so of the slabs. Means such as shownin Fig. 2a, or to the left of Fig. 1, consisting of screwed stretchers5, or other suitable means, may be provided for tightening up the wires.lThe wires 4c are threaded through theI holes 3a of the angle irons, anda seriesof transversely disposed 'wires 6 threaded beneath the wires iso as to, form therewith a light yet strong distributed support-ingnetwork, capable of be* ing adjusted in tension, means such as thepreviously described stretchers being provided for tightening up thewires 6. When the wires 6 and 4 are tightened, the latter are drawn intothe junctions'between the layers of the slabs 2, thus causing the wires6 to be pulled very tightly around the exterior surface of theinsulating blocks and supporting the wires 6 at short intervals thuscausing the whole series of blocks to be pressed very tightly againstthe surface to be insulated. It will be seen that owing to the wires ionly touching the projecting angles 8 where they pass through the holes3a, contact between the outer retaining wires 4 and 6 and the surface tobe insulated is reduced to a minimum and consequently practically noheat conductivity arises. When this manner of insulation is usedin'connection with the decks, walls, and partitions of ships, vessels,and the like, wood plugs may be driven into the holes 3a after the Wiresare threaded to prevent wear of the Wires by chaiing owing to vibration.Exterior to the wires 4 and 6 a coating of cement 7 is appliedconsisting preferably of magnesia, asbestos, and silica, mixed with afixing agent made from magnesite and chlorid of mag nesium. This cementis put on to a thickness of about a quarter of an inch and serves tobind the wires in position against the slabs. This cement is lire andwater-proof, and adheres rmly to the slabs 2, and being of a strongfibrous nature it is extremely serviceable as a protector to theinsulator and the wires, and takes the place of the wood or sheet-ironprotection usual in insulating methods. Consequently when this finalcement covering is put on, complete insulation against any heatconductioneven that which might be attributable to the small contact ofthe wires with the angle ironsis entirely avoided.

Where the projecting angles stand above the normal outer surface of theslabs 2, as in Figs. 3, and 4, the projecting ribs 3b of these anglesare insulated as follows: A separate piece of insulating material 2a,such as that for a pipe covering, is laid around the web 3b, andadditional wires 6a carried around the exterior of the insulating pieces2a, one end of such wire 6 being fastened t-o one of the wires 4, andthe wires 6a then laced spirally or otherwise around the material 2a andunder the wire 4 alternately along the angle 3b, as illustrated in Fig.5. When the wires 4 are tightened up, the insulating portion i).a willbe drawn tightly on the angle web 3", and held in place.

In the varrangement shown in Fig. 4, which has channel girders on thesurface l to be insulated, anotherseries of holes 3c are drilled in theouter portion of the girder, the insulation around the girder being thenmade up in two sections, the first section 2b between the holes in thegirder and held by the Wires 8 laced around the insulating slabs 2b andpassing through both holes 3a, 3, and the second section 20, arrangedaround the outer element 3d of the girder and held thereto by wires 9passed around its periphery and through the hole 3.

Though the wires have been shown and described as interlaced andcrossing at right angles, it is to be understood that the invention isnot confined to this method, the

with particular reference to methods of in-A sulating surface havingprojections it would be equally applicable to surfaces with noprojections, the main wires in this case corresponding to the wires 4being tightened in any convenient manner from the ends of the surface tobe insulated, the broad feature of the invention comprising the methodof supporting insulating slabs or the like against a surface by means ofa series of wires adjustable in tension, preferably interlaced anddisposed behind the slabs or the like and covered with a final coatingof cement.

I claim l. The combination with a surface to be insulated havinghorizontally disposed angle beams attached thereto, the projectingportions of said beams being provided with spaced apertures, of acoating of insulating material for said surface, vertical tensionedwires passing through the apertures in said projections for holding saidcoating against the surface to be insulated, a second coating ofinsulating material adapted to cover said projections, means for holdingsaid second coating in position, and an application of cement coveringthe wires and exterior surface ofthe insulating material.

2. The combination with a surface to be insulated having horizontallydisposed angle beams attached thereto, the projecting portions of saidbeams being provided with spaced apertures, of a coating of insulatingmaterial for said surface, vertical tensioned wires passing through theapertures in said projections for holding said coating against thesurface to be insulated, means for adjusting the tension of said wires,`a `second coating ofV insulating material adapted to cover saidprojections, a wire interlaced about said vertical wires above and belowsaid projections for holding `said second coating in position, and anapplication of cement covering the wires and exterior surface of theinsulating material.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.u ROBERT ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

C VJ. Davis, I-I. WILLIAMS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

